(173) Phytonutrient Accumulation and Antioxidant Capacity at Eight Developmental Stages of Black Raspberry Fruit (2025)

Yield, fruit quality, antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of advanced raspberry lines from Quebec

Ten red raspberry genotypes selected from the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada breeding program (‘RSK88’, ‘RSK88-1’, ‘RSK88-2’, ‘RSK88-3’, ‘RSK88-4’, ‘RSK88-5’, ‘RSK88-6’, ‘RSK88-7’, ‘RSK88-8’ and ‘SM222’) were studied for their yield, fruit weight, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, shelf life, phenolic content and composition (anthocyanins, flavonols, ellagic acid, procyanidins and resveratrol), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared with two commercially grown cultivars (‘Festival’ and ‘Killarney’). The results showed that ‘RSK88-7’ had higher yield, longer shelf life, higher total phenolic content (TPC; measured by both the Folin–Ciocalteu method and high-performance liquid chromatography), stronger antioxidant capacity, better fruit quality, and higher concentrations of anthocyanins, flavonols, ellagic acid and procyanidins. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.55, p = 0.0006) between TAC and TPC measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and a significant correlation (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001) was found between anthocyanins content and TPC, which was calculated based on the sum of the five classes of phenolic compounds. Anthocyanins were the most predominant phenolic class, accounting for 69.4% of total phenolic, followed by procyanidins. Resveratrol content was lowest among the five classes of phenolic compounds.

Pomological Features, Nutritional Quality, Polyphenol Content Analysis, and Antioxidant Properties of Domesticated and 3 Wild Ecotype Forms of Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.)

Journal of Food Science, 2011

The raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an economically important berry crop that contains many phenolic compounds with potential health benefits. In this study, important pomological features, including nutrient content and antioxidant properties, of a domesticated and 3 wild (Yayla, Yavuzlar, and Yedigöl) raspberry fruits were evaluated. Also, the amount of total phenolics and flavonoids in lyophilized aqueous extracts of domesticated and wild ecotypes of raspberry fruits were calculated as gallic acid equivalents (GAEs) and quercetin equivalents (QE). The highest phenolic compounds were found in wild Yayla ecotype (26.66 ± 3.26 GAE/mg extract). Whilst, the highest flavonoids were determined in wild Yedigöl ecotype (6.09 ± 1.21 QA/mg extract). The antioxidant activity of lyophilized aqueous extracts of domesticated and wild ecotypes of raspberry fruits were investigated as trolox equivalents using different in vitro assays including DPPH r , ABTS r + , DMPD r + , and O r − 2 radical scavenging activities, H 2 O 2 scavenging activity, ferric (Fe 3+) and cupric ions (Cu 2+) reducing abilities, ferrous ions (Fe 2+) chelating activity. In addition, quantitative amounts of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, α-tocopherol, pyrogallol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and ascorbic acid in lyophilized aqueous extracts of domesticated and wild ecotypes of raspberry fruits were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The results clearly show that p-coumaric acid is the main phenolic acid responsible for the antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of lyophilized aqueous extracts of domesticated and wild ecotypes of raspberry fruits.

Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Antioxidants of Midwestern Black Raspberries Grown for Direct Markets Are Influenced by Production Site

HortScience, 2008

Black raspberries (Rubus occidentalis L.) are rich in phytonutrients that have demonstrated chemoprotective properties against certain degenerative diseases. To estimate variability in phytonutritional quality among sources of black raspberry, 19 samples representing four common midwestern cultivars obtained from eight production sites were assayed for their antioxidant capacity [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) methods], total phenolic content (TP), total monomeric anthocyanin levels (TMA), and levels of cyanidin 3-rutinoside. The antioxidant potential among samples averaged 2.92 ± 0.29 and 4.62 ± 0.88 mmol TE·100 g−1 fresh weight by the DPPH and FRAP methods, respectively; TP, TMA, and cyanidin 3-rutinoside means averaged 449 ± 62, 336 ± 109, and 244 ± 84 mg·100 g−1 fresh weight, respectively. Levels of FRAP, TP, TMA, and cyanidin 3-rutinoside were strongly correlated (r = +0.85 to +0.96). Mean antioxidant capacities and phenolic co...

(188) Effects of Storage Temperatures on the Antioxidant Capacity and Anthocyanin Contents of Black Raspberries

HortScience

This study was conducted to determine the effects of postharvest storage temperatures on the antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin compounds, phenolic constituents, and physico-chemical properties of black raspberries. Fresh `MacBlack&#39; berries were stored at 4, 12, 20, and 28 °C for up to 11, 6, 4, and 3 days, respectively. Results showed that higher storage temperatures promoted tissue deterioration (cellular leakage), fungal growth, and moisture loss. The levels of the two major anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-xylosylrutinoside, increased by up to 2.7- and 1.9-fold, respectively, with increasing storage temperatures. The antioxidant capacity of berries, as measured by FRAP and ABTS assays, increased by up to 1.5- and 1.4-fold, respectively, which was accompanied by increases in soluble solids, total sugars, total phenolics, and total anthocyanin contents. Our findings indicate that postharvest storage at higher temperatures increases the level of bioactive compo...

Environmental effect on antioxidant content of ten raspberry cultivars

IX International Rubus …, 2005

Ten red raspberry cultivars grown in New York and Washington were harvested in 2002 and 2003 and analyzed for fruit composition and antioxidant content. The contributions of production environment and year were compared to genetic variability. Fruit were frozen, pureed and seeds removed prior to analysis. Fruit was analyzed for fruit weight, dry weight, soluble solid content, pH, titratable acidity, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, FRAP and ORAC. There were genotype effects for all variables. There were very large location effects when the data was expressed on a fresh weight basis, but the location effects decreased in significance or were non-significant when expressed on a dry weight basis. There were moderate genotypes x location effects. 'Chilliwack' and 'Comox' had much higher total anthocyanins, total phenolics and antioxidant potential in New York than in Washington. The values for total anthocyanins, total phenolics, ORAC, FRAP, percent dry weight, soluble solids and pH were higher at the New York site than at the Washington site. The values for titratable acidity were similar at each site and fruit weight was smaller at the New York site than the Washington site.

IMPACT OF SOME ELEMENTS IN THE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ON BIOCHEMICAL AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RASPBERRY FRUIT

The biochemical composition of raspberry fruit was studied at two different planting distances. Their qualitative characteristics were determined. The impact of an individual technological element on the studied indicators was analysed. The experiment included raspberry cultivars, such as 'Willamette', 'Meeker', 'Samodiva' and a candidate cultivar 'Magdalena' from the collection plantation of RIMSA-Troyan. The planting material was produced in vitro. The planting distances were: 0.30 m and 0.50 m in the intra row spacing and 3.00 m in the row spacing. The highest amount of anthocyanins (38.87 mg) and total polyphenols (263.37 mg%) were reported for 'Willamette' fruit at 0.50 m planting distances. The highest antioxidant activity was reported in 'Willamette' fruit (7750.00 µmol TE/100 g) (at 0.30 m) and 'Samodiva' (6625.00 µmol TE/100 g) (at 0.50 m). The sensor rating is in the range from 4.63 ('Willamette'-0.50 m) to 4.93 ('Magdalena' candidate cultivar-0.30 m).

Effect of Harvesting Time on Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Raspberries

In this investigation, major phenolic compounds of raspberry fruits including cyanidin 3-galactoside (anthocyanin) and quercetin 3-galactoside, and the extract antioxidant activity were investigated. Results revealed that early season fruits (in July) had the highest (5.22 mg/g FW) content of quercetin 3-galactoside. Highest (23.43 mg/g FW) and lowest (1.62 mg/g FW) content of anthocyanin found in the fruits in September and October, respectively. Among different harvesting times, fruits in July showed the highest percentage of antioxidant activity (75.84%). This study pointed out that phenolic content and antioxidant potential of raspberry fruit is strongly influenced by ripening time. Based on the results, it could be concluded that early season fruits are richer in antioxidants.

Characterization of Red Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) Genotypes for Their Physicochemical Properties

Journal of Food Science, 2009

The worldwide tendency for growing more small fruits, including raspberries, shows permanent increase because this group of fruits has a relatively higher content of bioactive nutrients. To study the health benefits of red raspberry fruits, 11 preselected wild-grown and 1 well-known cultivar, Heritage, were evaluated for some of their physicochemical properties such as fruit weight, total antioxidant capacity (measured by β-carotene bleaching and FRAP assays), total phenolics, ascorbic acid, soluble solid content (SSC), and acidity. Fruit weight, SSC, and ascorbic acid contents were between 1.47 and 2.32 g, 10.87% and 13.60%, and 21 and 36 mg/100 g, respectively. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content varied among genotypes and the ERZ5 genotype had the highest antioxidant capacity as ascertained by both methods. This genotype also had the highest total phenolic (2031 μg GAE/g FW) content. There are linear relationships between antioxidant capacities and total phenols. The present study demonstrates the potential of certain wild genotypes, notably ERZ5, for improving the nutritional value through germplasm enhancement programs.

Phenotypic diversity in antioxidant phytochemical composition among fruits from several genotypes of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Journal of Berry Research, 2012

The Pacific Northwest in North America, Russia, and Eastern Europe are three major regions of commercial raspberry production worldwide. In British Columbia, Canada, most raspberries are produced for machine harvesting and processing, while some are selected for the fresh market. Due to increasing public awareness of the benefits of consuming antioxidants for improving human health, breeding of functional foods based on phytochemical composition pyramided with other economically important traits in raspberry is desirable. In this study, genotypes of raspberry destined for the fresh market or processing were each investigated for ascorbic acid and anthocyanin compositions. Variations in these compositional traits were assessed along three consecutive years as well as among three sites in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia. There was a wide range of ascorbic acid contents among fruits from different genotypes with a trend among sample years that appeared to be dependent on seasonal temperatures. For two cultivars, eight different anthocyanins were identified, where the rest of the cultivars contained from four to six. Growing conditions influenced anthocyanin levels, while the profiles stayed consistent. Results from this study can aid in selections by geneticists for crosses to improve antioxidant traits through breeding of new raspberry genotypes.

Influence of Postflowering Temperature on Fruit Size and Chemical Composition of Glen Ample Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.)

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010

The effects of postflowering temperature on the fruit chemical composition of Glen Ample raspberries were studied under controlled environment conditions. The berry weight decreased significantly with increasing temperature (12, 18, and 24°C) and with progress of the harvest period. Because the moisture content increased in parallel with the berry weight, the antioxidant capacity (AOC) and the concentration of a range of bioactive compounds decreased with decreasing temperature and progress of the harvest season when expressed on a fresh weight basis in the conventional way. Under those circumstances, dry weight units are therefore preferable. However, despite the dilution effect of large berries, the concentration of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) increased with decreasing temperature, even on a fresh weight basis. Berry AOC was closely correlated with total phenolic concentration (r = 0.958), predominantly anthocyanins and ellagitannins. While a total of 10 anthocyanins were detected, cyanidin-3-sophoroside and cyanidin-3-(2 G-glucosylrutinoside)-rutinoside accounted for 73% of the total, the former decreasing and the latter increasing with increasing growth temperature. By far, the most prevalent ellagitannins were lambertianin C and sanguiin H-6, both of which increased significantly with increasing temperature. It is concluded that the growth temperature has significant and contrasting effects on the concentration of a range of potentially bioactive compounds in raspberry.